Wisconsin
This state page integrates student data, economic contributions, state policies, effective practices, and other resources to learn about and better support the state’s undocumented, other immigrant, and international students in higher education.
We classify Wisconsin as a Restrictive state in terms of inclusive in-state tuition and state financial aid policies for undocumented students. The Portal tracks state policies for undocumented students on in-state tuition, state financial aid, professional and occupational licensure, and driver licenses.
State Data
Higher education in the U.S. benefits from the participation of immigrant and international students. First and second-generation individuals comprise 28% of all students enrolled in higher education, a growing figure that underscores the importance of immigrant-origin students in the classroom and our workforce.
| All Students in Higher Education in Wisconsin | 336,000 |
| First-Generation Immigrant Students | 12,000 |
| Second-Generation Immigrant Students | 14,000 |
| International Students | 11,949 |
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Note: First-generation immigrants were born abroad and immigrated to the U.S. Second-generation immigrants are U.S.-born individuals with at least one immigrant parent. First-generation immigrants include undocumented immigrants. First-generation immigrants do not include international students on a visa. |
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International students comprise only 5 percent of all students in higher education, but provide significant economic, academic and cultural contributions that enrich learning, enrollment and funding opportunities for American students.
| International Students in Higher Education | 11,949 |
| Economic Contributions of International Students in the State | $399.4 million |
| Jobs Supported by International Students in the State | 4,092 |
| Optional Practical Training (OPT) Participants | 1,271 |
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Note: Optional Practical Training participants are a subgroup of international students. |
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Immigrant residents, including undocumented immigrants and DACA-eligible residents, play an important role in the state's economy, contributing spending power and paying federal, state, and local taxes.
| All Immigrant Residents in Wisconsin | 292,976 |
| Immigrant Share of Total Population | 5% |
| Undocumented Immigrants in State | 75,669 |
| DACA-Eligible Residents in State | 10,517 |
| Spending Power of DACA-Eligible Residents | $181.3 million |
| DACA-Eligible Residents Federal Tax Contributions | $25 million |
| DACA-Eligible Residents State and Local Tax Contributions | $23.4 million |
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Note: DACA-eligible residents are a sub-group of undocumented immigrant residents. |
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Higher education helps prepare all students, including immigrant and international students, to fill critical career and skills needs.
| State Immigrant Workers Fill Critical Skills Needs | |
| Share of Nurses Who Are First-Generation Immigrants | 4.1% |
| Share of Health Aides Who Are First-Generation Immigrants | 5.6% |
| First-Generation Immigrant Faculty and Staff in Colleges, Universities and Professional Schools | 11,631 |
| Share of First-Generation Immigrants With a Postsecondary Credential | 47% |
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Note: First-generation immigrants were born abroad and immigrated to the U.S. |
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You can find additional state data, including by congressional district, in the following resources by immigrant population (AIC) and international students (NAFSA).
State Policies
Evaluating Access for Undocumented & Refugee Students
State policies in four key areas – in state tuition, state financial aid, professional and occupational licensure, and driver licenses – play an important role in expanding access to higher education and workforce development for undocumented students. The section below on in-state tuition also includes policies related to refugee students.
In-State Tuition & State Financial Aid Access and Affordability
Restrictive: Policies actively bar access to in-state tuition or state financial aid for the state's undocumented students, including DACA recipients.
Professional & Occupational Licensure Workforce Entry & Eligibility
No State Policy: No policies identified that actively expand access to occupational licensure for individuals who do not have legal immigration status.
Driver Licenses & Identification Mobility
Restrictive: Policies do not provide the state's undocumented residents with access to driver licenses and state identification, but DACA recipients can still obtain a driver's license or state identification card.
Enacted Policies
Wisconsin prohibits undocumented students, including DACA recipients, from accessing in-state tuition and state financial aid. The state does not appear to have policies that extend occupational and professional licensure to undocumented individuals, including DACA recipients. However, Wisconsin has expanded access to in-state tuition for eligible refugee students.
Wisconsin does not provide undocumented residents with access to driver licenses and state identification.
Wisconsin Assembly Bill (A.B.) 40, signed into law on June 18, 2011, effectively bars undocumented students, including DACA recipients, from accessing in-state tuition. The bill revoked previous legislation that granted in-state tuition to undocumented students.
Wisconsin Senate Bill (S.B.) 360, signed into law on April 14, 1992, states that refugees may be considered residents of Wisconsin for in-state tuition at Wisconsin Vocational, Technical and Adult Education (VTAE) schools if they meet the following requirements: 1) are defined as a refugee by federal law; 2) moved to Wisconsin immediately upon arrival in the United States; and 3) has continuously resided in Wisconsin since then, if he or she demonstrates an intent to establish and maintain a permanent home in Wisconsin.
Refugee In-State Tuition: An exception to residing in Wisconsin for twelve months prior to enrollment applies if you are a student on refugee status as defined under 8 USC 1101(a)(42); you moved to Wisconsin immediately upon arrival in the United States, and you have resided in this State continuously since moving here. If you are in this situation, you need to demonstrate intent to establish and maintain a permanent home in Wisconsin according to the criteria under Section (e) of Wisconsin Statutes 36.27(2).
Wisconsin does not have policies that expand access to state financial aid to undocumented students.
Wisconsin’s A.B. 40 revoked previous legislation that allowed some of the state’s undocumented students to access state financial aid.
Additional Financial Aid
TheDream.US is a national organization that offers scholarships to DACA and undocumented students attending eligible postsecondary institutions across the country. In Wisconsin, undocumented and DACA students may be eligible for a scholarship to attend the following out-of-state institutions:
- Christian Brothers University;
- Delaware State University;
- Eastern Connecticut State University; and,
- Trinity Washington University (Women’s College).
Wisconsin does not appear to have statewide legislation that affirmatively extends occupational and professional licensure to undocumented individuals, including DACA recipients.
Undocumented immigrants in Wisconsin do not have access to a driver license or state identification card. Assembly Bill (A.B.) 69, signed into law on April 1, 2007, requires individuals applying for or renewing a Wisconsin driver license or state identification card to provide evidence of U.S. citizenship or lawful immigration status.
DACA recipients in Wisconsin are allowed to obtain a driver license or state identification card.
Effective Practices and State Resources
Spotlight on effective practices and policy, research, or community-based state resources.
Report: Higher Education and Success for Undocumented Students Start with 9 Key Criteria
Higher Education is the key to achieving social & economic mobility in the U.S. The Education Trust analyzed 9 criteria in the 15 states with the largest shares of undocumented college students to determine whether state policies are helping or hurting undocumented students’ ability to access & complete college.
Continue ReadingReport: The Post-DACA Generation is Here
A new report finds that an estimated 100,000 undocumented students will graduate from high school in 2022, with most of them not eligible for DACA. The new FWD.us report, published in May 2022, The Post-DACA Generation is Here, explains how DACA’s unavailability impacts undocumented youth in the U.S.
Continue ReadingTuition Equity Policy Brief for Wisconsin
This brief includes an overview of undocumented students in higher education, history of tuition equity initiatives, and it contextualizes the current state and institutional policies in Wisconsin.
Continue Reading