Pennsylvania
This state page integrates student data, economic contributions, state policies, effective practices, and other resources to learn about and better support the state’s undocumented, other immigrant, and international students in higher education.
We classify Pennsylvania as a Limited state in terms of inclusive in-state tuition and state financial aid policies for undocumented students. The Portal tracks state policies for undocumented students on in-state tuition, state financial aid, professional and occupational licensure, and driver licenses.
State Data
Higher education in the U.S. benefits from the participation of immigrant and international students. First and second-generation individuals comprise 28% of all students enrolled in higher education, a growing figure that underscores the importance of immigrant-origin students in the classroom and our workforce.
| All Students in Higher Education in Pennsylvania | 700,000 |
| First-Generation Immigrant Students | 50,000 |
| Second-Generation Immigrant Students | 67,000 |
| International Students | 44,370 |
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Note: First-generation immigrants were born abroad and immigrated to the U.S. Second-generation immigrants are U.S.-born individuals with at least one immigrant parent. First-generation immigrants include undocumented immigrants. First-generation immigrants do not include international students on a visa. |
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The U.S. is home to more than 427,000 undocumented students enrolled in higher education. In their pursuit of higher education, undocumented students actively ready themselves to fill critical skill shortages and become better positioned to support their families, communities, and the U.S. economy.
| Share of All Students in Higher Education Who Are Undocumented | 1.1% |
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Note: Undocumented students are a sub-group of first-generation students. |
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International students comprise only 5 percent of all students in higher education, but provide significant economic, academic and cultural contributions that enrich learning, enrollment and funding opportunities for American students.
| International Students in Higher Education | 44,370 |
| Economic Contributions of International Students in the State | $1.7 billion |
| Jobs Supported by International Students in the State | 19,635 |
| Optional Practical Training (OPT) Participants | 5,265 |
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Note: Optional Practical Training participants are a subgroup of international students. |
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Immigrant residents, including undocumented immigrants and DACA-eligible residents, play an important role in the state's economy, contributing spending power and paying federal, state, and local taxes.
| All Immigrant Residents in Pennsylvania | 890,995 |
| Immigrant Share of Total Population | 7% |
| Undocumented Immigrants in State | 163,689 |
| DACA-Eligible Residents in State | 15,489 |
| Spending Power of DACA-Eligible Residents | $238.9 million |
| DACA-Eligible Residents Federal Tax Contributions | $40.1 million |
| DACA-Eligible Residents State and Local Tax Contributions | $37 million |
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Note: DACA-eligible residents are a sub-group of undocumented immigrant residents. |
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Higher education helps prepare all students, including immigrant and international students, to fill critical career and skills needs.
| State Immigrant Workers Fill Critical Skills Needs | |
| Share of STEM Workers Who Are First-Generation Immigrants | 15.4% |
| Share of Nurses Who Are First-Generation Immigrants | 6.8% |
| Share of Health Aides Who Are First-Generation Immigrants | 12.1% |
| First-Generation Immigrant Faculty and Staff in Colleges, Universities and Professional Schools | 34,188 |
| Share of First-Generation Immigrants With a Postsecondary Credential | 54% |
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Note: First-generation immigrants were born abroad and immigrated to the U.S. |
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You can find additional state data, including by congressional district, in the following resources by immigrant population (AIC) and international students (NAFSA).
State Policies
Evaluating Access for Undocumented & Refugee Students
State policies in four key areas – in state tuition, state financial aid, professional and occupational licensure, and driver licenses – play an important role in expanding access to higher education and workforce development for undocumented students. The section below on in-state tuition also includes policies related to refugee students.
In-State Tuition & State Financial Aid Access and Affordability
Limited: Policies provide the state’s undocumented students, including DACA recipients, with access to in-state or reduced tuition in at least some public institutions.
Professional & Occupational Licensure Workforce Entry & Eligibility
Limited: Policies allow individuals with work authorization, such as DACA recipients, to obtain occupational licensure in one or more professions that require licensure.
Driver Licenses & Identification Mobility
Restrictive: Policies do not provide the state's undocumented residents with access to driver licenses and state identification, but DACA recipients can still obtain a driver's license or state identification card.
Enacted Policies
Undocumented residents in Pennsylvania, including DACA recipients, can access in-state tuition in at least one public institution. DACA recipients can also obtain a license to practice law.
Pennsylvania does not provide undocumented residents with access to state financial aid or driver licenses and state identification.
Pennsylvania does not have statewide policies concerning access to in-state tuition for undocumented students. However, at least one public institution has established tuition equity policies.
Pennsylvania State University extends in-state tuition to the state’s undocumented students, including DACA recipients, if they meet the institution’s residency requirements. The requirements include attending an accredited Pennsylvania high school for at least four years and graduating from an accredited Pennsylvania high school or receiving a Pennsylvania General Educational Development (GED) certificate.
Refugee In-State Tuition: Per 22 Pa. Code §§ 507.3 individual schools have some discretion regarding the determination of domicile for in-state tuition purposes and it creates a rebuttable presumption that non-U.S. citizens are non-domiciled. Individual schools have elaborated on these regulations and many schools grant in-state tuition to refugees who meet the 12-month residency requirement.
Pennsylvania does not appear to have policies regarding access to state financial aid for undocumented students.
The Pennsylvania Board of Law Examiners passed a rule in 2019 (Rule 202) establishing that DACA recipients can be admitted to the state’s bar and cannot be denied a law license based on their immigration status.
Undocumented immigrants in Pennsylvania do not have access to a driver license or state identification card.
DACA recipients in Pennsylvania are allowed to obtain a driver license or state identification card.
Effective Practices and State Resources
Spotlight on effective practices and policy, research, or community-based state resources.
Report: Higher Education and Success for Undocumented Students Start with 9 Key Criteria
Higher Education is the key to achieving social & economic mobility in the U.S. The Education Trust analyzed 9 criteria in the 15 states with the largest shares of undocumented college students to determine whether state policies are helping or hurting undocumented students’ ability to access & complete college.
Continue ReadingReport: The Post-DACA Generation is Here
A new report finds that an estimated 100,000 undocumented students will graduate from high school in 2022, with most of them not eligible for DACA. The new FWD.us report, published in May 2022, The Post-DACA Generation is Here, explains how DACA’s unavailability impacts undocumented youth in the U.S.
Continue ReadingUndocumented Students in Higher Education (Updated March 2021)
More than 427,000 undocumented students in the U.S. are enrolled in higher education, including 181,000 DACA-eligible individuals.
Continue Reading