Alabama
This state page integrates student data, economic contributions, state policies, effective practices, and other resources to learn about and better support the state’s undocumented, other immigrant, and international students in higher education.
We classify Alabama as a Prohibitive state in terms of inclusive in-state tuition and state financial aid policies for undocumented students. The Portal tracks state policies for undocumented students on in-state tuition, state financial aid, professional and occupational licensure, and driver licenses.
State Data
Higher education in the U.S. benefits from the participation of immigrant and international students. First and second-generation individuals comprise 31% of all students enrolled in higher education, a growing figure that underscores the importance of immigrant-origin students in the classroom and our workforce.
| All Students in Higher Education in Alabama | 304,000 |
| First-Generation Immigrant Students | 8,000 |
| Second-Generation Immigrant Students | 16,000 |
| International Students | 8,138 |
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Note: First-generation immigrants were born abroad and immigrated to the U.S. Second-generation immigrants are U.S.-born individuals with at least one immigrant parent. First-generation immigrants include undocumented immigrants. First-generation immigrants do not include international students on a visa. |
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International students comprise only 4 percent of all students in higher education, but provide significant economic, academic and cultural contributions that enrich learning, enrollment and funding opportunities for American students.
| International Students in Higher Education | 8,138 |
| Economic Contributions of International Students in the State | $262.3 million |
| Jobs Supported by International Students in the State | 2,190 |
| Optional Practical Training (OPT) Participants | 659 |
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Note: Optional Practical Training participants are a subgroup of international students. |
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Immigrant residents, including undocumented immigrants and DACA-eligible residents, play an important role in the state's economy, contributing spending power and paying federal, state, and local taxes.
| All Immigrant Residents in Alabama | 172,782 |
| Immigrant Share of Total Population | 3.5% |
| Undocumented Immigrants in State | 55,833 |
| DACA-Eligible Residents in State | 5,074 |
| Spending Power of DACA-Eligible Residents | $64.3 million |
| DACA-Eligible Residents Federal Tax Contributions | $8.5 million |
| DACA-Eligible Residents State and Local Tax Contributions | $7.5 million |
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Note: DACA-eligible residents are a sub-group of undocumented immigrant residents. |
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Higher education helps prepare all students, including immigrant and international students, to fill critical career and skills needs.
| State Immigrant Workers Fill Critical Skills Needs | |
| Share of Nurses Who Are First-Generation Immigrants | 2.6% |
| First-Generation Immigrant Faculty and Staff in Colleges, Universities and Professional Schools | 7,492 |
| Share of First-Generation Immigrants With a Postsecondary Credential | 34% |
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Note: First-generation immigrants were born abroad and immigrated to the U.S. |
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You can find additional state data, including by congressional district, in the following resources by immigrant population (AIC) and international students (NAFSA).
State Policies
Evaluating Access for Undocumented & Refugee Students
State policies in four key areas – in state tuition, state financial aid, professional and occupational licensure, and driver licenses – play an important role in expanding access to higher education and workforce development for undocumented students. The section below on in-state tuition also includes policies related to refugee students.
In-State Tuition & State Financial Aid Access and Affordability
Prohibitive Enrollment: Policies actively bar enrollment in all or certain public institutions for the state’s undocumented students, but may still allow DACA recipients to enroll.
Professional & Occupational Licensure Workforce Entry & Eligibility
Restrictive: Policies actively prohibit individuals without legal status from accessing occupational licensure in most or all of the professions that require licensure.
Driver Licenses & Identification Mobility
Restrictive: Policies do not provide the state's undocumented residents with access to driver licenses and state identification, but DACA recipients can still obtain a driver's license or state identification card.
Enacted Policies
Alabama prohibits undocumented residents from enrolling in the state’s public colleges and universities, and from accessing in-state tuition, state financial aid, professional and occupational licenses, and driver licenses.
DACA recipients might be eligible to enroll and access in-state tuition in certain public colleges and universities.
Alabama House Bill (H.B.) 56, signed into law in June 2011, prohibits undocumented students from enrolling in the state’s public colleges and universities, and from receiving certain education benefits, such as in-state tuition.
However, DACA recipients might be eligible to enroll in certain Alabama public colleges and universities and access in-state tuition, including in the following institutions:
- Auburn Community Colleges,
- Auburn University in Auburn and Montgomery,
- Troy University in Dothan and Troy,
- The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Birmingham, and Tuscaloosa,
- University of Montevallo.
Refugee In-State Tuition: Alabama does not appear to have state policies that expand access to in-state tuition to the state’s refugee students. Policies may vary by institution.
Alabama House Bill (H.B.) 56 prohibits the state’s undocumented students from accessing certain education benefits, including state financial aid.
Alabama House Bill (H.B.) 56 prohibits the state’s undocumented immigrants from obtaining professional and occupational licensure.
Alabama Professional Licensure Requirements & Business Registration
To learn more about the licensure & business registration requirements, review TheDream.US & Immigrant Finance Resource Guide. The information in the guide is based on outreach to the state’s specific licensing boards from April to July 2023 and is subject to change. To get up to date information on licensure application requirements, individuals should verify this information with the licensing board.
Undocumented immigrants in Alabama do not have access to a driver license or state identification card.
DACA recipients in Alabama are allowed to obtain a driver license or state identification card.
Effective Practices and State Resources
Spotlight on effective practices and policy, research, or community-based state resources.
Ending DACA Would Limit Access to Higher Education in Ten States
Ending DACA would potentially block thousands of current DACA recipients and DACA-eligible individuals from either enrolling in public institutions or being eligible for in-state tuition in ten states.
Continue ReadingImmigrant-Origin Students in U.S. Higher Education (Updated August 2023)
The report’s findings reveal the growing proportion of first and second generation immigrant students in postsecondary education, the diversity of these students, and their importance for future U.S. labor growth.
Continue ReadingReport: The Post-DACA Generation is Here
A new report finds that an estimated 120,000 undocumented students will graduate from high school in 2023, with most of them not eligible for DACA. The new FWD.us report, published in May 2023, The Post-DACA Generation is Here, explains how DACA’s unavailability impacts undocumented youth in the U.S.
Continue Reading